What is the function of an accumulator in a refrigeration system?

The function of an accumulator in a refrigeration system primarily revolves around ensuring the compressor operates efficiently by preventing liquid refrigerant from entering it. An accumulator is designed to receive and collect refrigerant vapor and allow any liquid refrigerant to separate out. This process is crucial because liquid refrigerant can cause compressor damage due to hydraulic lock, which occurs when the compressor attempts to compress a liquid instead of a gas. By effectively separating liquid and gas phases, the accumulator helps ensure that only refrigerant vapor reaches the compressor, which is vital for the longevity of the system and its overall efficiency.

Other components in the refrigeration system, such as receivers or driers, serve different purposes, such as storing excess refrigerant or filtering out contaminants. These systems complement the accumulator but do not fulfill its specific role of protecting the compressor from liquid refrigerant.